发布时间:2023-05-11 文章分类:WEB开发, 电脑百科 投稿人:赵颖 字号: 默认 | | 超大 打印

前言

为什么要写这一篇文章?

1:声明promise

首先我们先来聊聊promise的几个特性:

其实代码很好写,我们就来检验以下resolve的参数是否能正确传递吧

const PENDING = "pengding";
const FUFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";
class MP {
    constructor(executor) {
        this.status = PENDING;
        this.value = null;
        executor(this.resolve, this.reject);
    }
    resolve(value) {
        this.value = value;
        console.log("resolve:" + this.value);
    }
    reject(season) {}
}
// test
new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve("你好");
}); 

打开控制台,我们发现无法设置属性value,

300秒带你手写一个promise 查看代码我们很容易发现其实代码this绑定的问题,我们用bind绑定以下就好了。

300秒带你手写一个promise

300秒带你手写一个promise this问题解决了,但是还有一个问题,状态只能改变一次。所以我们在resolve和reject函数执行的时候要判断一下状态。

const PENDING = "pengding";
const FUFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";
class MP {
    constructor(executor) {
        this.status = PENDING;
        this.value = null;
        executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this));
    }
    resolve(value) {
        if(this.status == PENDING){
            this.status = FUFILLED;
            this.value = value;
            console.log("resolve:" + this.value);
        }
    }
    reject(season) {
        if (this.status == PENDING) {
            this.status = REJECTED;
            this.value = season;
            console.log("reject:" + this.value);
        }
    }
}
// test
new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve("你好");
}); 

2:then的基础构建

2.1:then的用法

then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 判断两个参数是不是函数类型,如果不是函数,需要手动封装,否则下面执行时会报错。
        if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") {
            onFulfilled = () => {};
        } else if (typeof onRejected !== "function") {
            onRejected = () => {};
        }
        if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
            onFulfilled(this.value);
        } else if (this.status === "rejected") {
            onRejected(this.value);
        } else {
        }
    }
// test
new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve("你好");
}).then(
    res => {
        console.log("then res", res);
    },
    rej => {
        console.log(rej);
    }
); 

300秒带你手写一个promise then可以接收到resolve传过来的数据。

2.2:异步操作(任务队列不懂的先去学学)

这里我们使用queueMicrotask来创建微任务:

then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 判断两个参数是不是函数类型,如果不是函数,需要手动封装,否则下面执行时会报错。
        if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") {
            onFulfilled = () => {};
        } else if (typeof onRejected !== "function") {
            onRejected = () => {};
        }
        if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
            queueMicrotask(()=>{
                onFulfilled(this.value);
            });
        } else if (this.status === "rejected") {
            queueMicrotask(()=>{
                onRejected(this.value);
            });
            ;
        } else {
        }
    }
}
// test
new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve("中国");
    console.log('你好');
}).then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
}); 

300秒带你手写一个promise

顺序是正确的,同步任务打印的你好优先于异步任务打印的中国。

2.3:then处理pengding状态

当我们在执行then方式的时候,状态还是没有改变的情况。(什么情况状态没有改变:异步执行resolve或者reject的时候 )之前的代码只判断了fulfilled和rejected的状态。

// test
new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
         resolve("异步操作"); 
    },1000);
}).then(res=>{
    console.log(res);
}); 

这个时候控制台是不答应任何东西的,因为还没有处理这个状态。所以说我们之前的思路就有一点问题,在then函数中我们不应该控制then里面的两个参数函数的执行,应该去保存它,在resolvereject方式再去执行。

const PENDING = "pengding";
const FUFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";
class MP {
    constructor(executor) {
        this.status = PENDING;
        this.value = null;
        // 将回调函数保存起来
        this.callbacks = [];
        executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this));
    }
    resolve(value) {
        if (this.status == PENDING) {
            let that = this;
            this.status = FUFILLED;
            this.value = value;
            //  // 触发回调函数
            queueMicrotask(() => {
                that.callbacks.map(callback => {
                    callback.onFulfilled(that.value);
                });
            });
        }
    }
    reject(season) {
        if (this.status == PENDING) {
            let that = this;
            this.status = REJECTED;
            this.value = season;
            // 触发回调函数
            queueMicrotask(() => {
                that.callbacks.map(callback => {
                    callback.onRejected(that.value);
                });
            });
        }
    }
    then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 判断两个参数是不是函数类型,如果不是函数,需要手动封装,否则下面执行时会报错。
        if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") {
            onFulfilled = () => {};
        } else if (typeof onRejected !== "function") {
            onRejected = () => {};
        }
        if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
            // 收集回调函数
            this.callbacks.push({
                onFulfilled
            });
        } else if (this.status === "rejected") {
            // 收集回调函数
            this.callbacks.push({
                onRejected
            });
        } else {
            // 收集回调函数
            this.callbacks.push({
                onFulfilled,
                onRejected
            });
        }
    }
} 

2.4:then链式调用

所以我们现在要继续处理我们的then方法,首先在then函数里肯定要返回一个promise的,其次在then函数里面我们要拿到onFulfilled, onRejected这两个回调函数的结果,作为这个新的promise的值。

then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 判断两个参数是不是函数类型,如果不是函数,需要手动封装,否则下面执行时会报错。
        if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") {
            onFulfilled = () => {};
        } else if (typeof onRejected !== "function") {
            onRejected = () => {};
        }
        // 直接返回一个新的promise 之前在then里面处理的代码迁移到新的promise里面处理
        return new MP((resolve,reject)=>{
            // 这时里面的this指向的不是新的promise
            if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    // 这个改成箭头函数的形式,方便我们获取onFulfilled的值传递给新promise的resolve
                    onFulfilled:value=>{
                        let result = onFulfilled(value)
                        resolve(result)
                    }
                });
            } else if (this.status === "rejected") {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onRejected:value=>{
                        let result = onRejected(value);
                        resolve(result);
                    }
                });
            } else {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onFulfilled: value => {
                        onFulfilled(value);
                    },
                    onRejected: value => {
                        onRejected(value);
                    }
                });
            }
        })
    }
// test
new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve("异步操作");
}).then(
    res => {
        return '33333';
    },
    rej => {return '11111111'}
).then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
}); 

在第二个then打印的结果应该是第一个then中返回的33333

300秒带你手写一个promise

2.5:then回调函数返回promise

new Promise((res,rej)=>{
   res('1111')
}).then(res=>{
    return new Promise((res,rej)=>{
        res('22222')
    })
}).then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
}); 

打印结果应该为22222而不是promise对象。

300秒带你手写一个promise 用我们手写的试试

new MP((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve("异步操作");
}).then(
   res=>{
       return new MP((res, rej) => {
           res("22222");
       });
   }
).then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
}); 

300秒带你手写一个promise 返回的却是一个promise对象,这是因为我们在处理回调函数结果时,没有判断类型,直接将整个result都返回给下个then了,所以我们在返回之前,需要判断以下返回的结果。

 then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 判断两个参数是不是函数类型,如果不是函数,需要手动封装,否则下面执行时会报错。
        if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") {
            onFulfilled = () => {};
        } else if (typeof onRejected !== "function") {
            onRejected = () => {};
        }
        return new MP((resolve,reject)=>{
            if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onFulfilled:value=>{
                        let result = onFulfilled(value);
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if(result instanceof MP){
                            // 我们可以直接通过这个promise的then方法来传递值
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        }else{
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    }
                });
            } else if (this.status === "rejected") {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onRejected:value=>{
                        let result = onRejected(value);
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if (result instanceof MP) {
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        } else {
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    }
                });
            } else {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onFulfilled: value => {
                        let result = onFulfilled(value);
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if (result instanceof MP) {
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        } else {
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    },
                    onRejected: value => {
                        let result = onRejected(value);
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if (result instanceof MP) {
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        } else {
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        })
    } 

打开控制台就是具体的值而不是promise.

300秒带你手写一个promise

2.6:prmise返回类型约束

看一段代码

let promise = new Promise((res,rej)=>{
    res('111')
})
let p = promise.then(res=>{
    return p
}) 

300秒带你手写一个promise 我们发现控制台报错了,说明promise不能返回自己,对于返回类型是有约束的.

then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 判断两个参数是不是函数类型,如果不是函数,需要手动封装,否则下面执行时会报错。
        if (typeof onFulfilled !== "function") {
            onFulfilled = () => {};
        } else if (typeof onRejected !== "function") {
            onRejected = () => {};
        }
        let promise =  new MP((resolve,reject)=>{
            if (this.status === "fulfilled") {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onFulfilled:value=>{
                        let result = onFulfilled(value);
                        if(result  === promise){
                            throw new TypeError(
                                "Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>"
                            );
                        }
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if(result instanceof MP){
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        }else{
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    }
                });
            } else if (this.status === "rejected") {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onRejected:value=>{
                        let result = onRejected(value);
                        // 判断返回类型
                        if (result === promise) {
                            throw new TypeError(
                                "Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>"
                            );
                        }
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if (result instanceof MP) {
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        } else {
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    }
                });
            } else {
                this.callbacks.push({
                    onFulfilled: value => {
                        let result = onFulfilled(value);
                        if (result === promise) {
                            throw new TypeError(
                                "Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>"
                            );
                        }
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if (result instanceof MP) {
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        } else {
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    },
                    onRejected: value => {
                        let result = onRejected(value);
                        if (result === promise) {
                            throw new TypeError(
                                "Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>"
                            );
                        }
                        // 结果时MP类型时
                        if (result instanceof MP) {
                            result.then(resolve, reject);
                        } else {
                            resolve(result);
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        })
        return promise
    } 

3:实现Promise.resolve和Promise.reject

例子:

Promise.resolve('111').then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
})
Promise.reject('111').then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
},rej=>{
    console.log(rej)
}) 

其实这个方法就是帮助我们做了两件事情

static resolve(value){
        return new MP(resolve => {
            if (value instanceof MP) {
                value.then(resolve);
            } else {
                resolve(value);
            }
        });
    } 

reject同理就不用写了哈。

4:实现Promise.all

Promise.all方法会返回一个promise,当参数数组中所有promise都成功后,就会返回成功的promise.看到所有时,我们就需要一个计数器,每次成功一个记录一次,当记录结果和传入数组长度一样时,就返回成功的,当一个失败时,就直接返回失败的。

static all(promises){
        let length = promises.length;
        // 记录每个promise成功时结果,同时用于返回
        let arr = [];
        return new MP((resolve, reject) => {
            for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                promises[i].then(
                    res => {
                        arr[i] = res;
                        if (arr.length === length) {
                            resolve(arr);
                        }
                    },
                    rej => {
                        reject(rej);
                    }
                );
            }
        });
    } 

结尾

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