syslog介绍(二):Linux下syslog基本配置
2008-10-18
简介
不同的Linux发行版使用不同syslog程序来记录系统日志。
的Debain 4.0/Ubuntu8.04(桌面版)默认使用的是sysklogd,配置文件为/etc/syslog.conf。
Fedora9默认使用rsyslogd,配置文件为/etc/rsyslog.conf。
opensuse11使用syslog-ng,配置文件为/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf。
这里仅一debian为例介绍一下syslog.conf的配置,rsyslog.conf的格式和syslog.conf是基本一样的。可以用man syslog.conf命令查看配置帮助。
配置文件由多条规则构成,每条规则有3个部分,#开头的是注释。每条规则分3个部分指定Facility、Severity以及要采取的措施。规则是组合 的。
例子
下面的规则指定Facility为mail,Severity为err以上级别的日志写入/var/log/mail.err文件,而err以下级别的日 志则被忽略:
mail.err /var/log/mail.err
Facility和Severity可以使用通配符,也可以指定多个,用逗号隔开:
auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log
Facility和Severity的组合可以有多个,用分号隔开,文件前面加一个减号表示日志不立即写入文件,而是在缓冲中积攒到一定的条件再写,这样 可以提高性能,但是当机可能会丢失数据:
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog
可以把syslog消息通过UDP发送到syslog服务器的514端口:
*.err
@192.168.0.1
发生错误时,在控制台打屏:
*.err
/dev/console
日志格式
debian 4.0外发的syslog都有换行符\n结尾,没有主机名和时间,例如:
<38>su[2257]: (pam_unix) session opened for user root by root(uid=0)
<30>dhclient: bound to 192.168.233.129 -- renewal in 878 seconds.
本地syslog日志文件中的样本(/var/log/auth.log),有主机名和时间,但没有Facility和Severity
Oct 8 22:36:56 debian sshd[2261]: (pam_unix) session opened for user root by root(uid=0)
fedora的rsyslogd转发的syslog则没有换行符\n结尾。
最后给出debian4.0默认的syslog.conf文件
:
# /etc/syslog.conf Configuration file for syslogd.
#
# For more information see syslog.conf(5)
# manpage.
#
# First some standard logfiles. Log by facility.
#
auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog
#cron.* /var/log/cron.log
daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
lpr.* -/var/log/lpr.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
user.* -/var/log/user.log
uucp.* /var/log/uucp.log
#
# Logging for the mail system. Split it up so that
# it is easy to write scripts to parse these files.
#
mail.info -/var/log/mail.info
mail.warn -/var/log/mail.warn
mail.err /var/log/mail.err
# Logging for INN news system
#
news.crit /var/log/news/news.crit
news.err /var/log/news/news.err
news.notice -/var/log/news/news.notice
#
# Some `catch-all' logfiles.
#
*.=debug;\
auth,authpriv.none;\
news.none;mail.none -/var/log/debug
*.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\
auth,authpriv.none;\
cron,daemon.none;\
mail,news.none -/var/log/messages
#
# Emergencies are sent to everybody logged in.
#
*.emerg *
#
# I like to have messages displayed on the console, but only on a virtual
# console I usually leave idle.
#
#daemon,mail.*;\
# news.=crit;news.=err;news.=notice;\
# *.=debug;*.=info;\
# *.=notice;*.=warn /dev/tty8
# The named pipe /dev/xconsole is for the `xconsole' utility. To use it,
# you must invoke `xconsole' with the `-file' option:
#
# $ xconsole -file /dev/xconsole [...]
#
# NOTE: adjust the list below, or you'll go crazy if you have a reasonably
# busy site..
#
daemon.*;mail.*;\
news.crit;news.err;news.notice;\
*.=debug;*.=info;\
*.=notice;*.=warn |/dev/xconsole