Websites with nginx on CentOS 5
Nginx is a lightweight and high performance web server designed
with the purpose of delivering large amounts of static content quickly
and with efficient use of system resources. In contrast to the Apache
HTTP server that uses a threaded or
process-oriented approach to handling requests, nginx uses an
asynchronous event-driven model which provides more predictable
performance under load.
Although nginx is a relatively new entrant in the web server field, it
has achieved a great deal of respect for its agility and efficiency,
particularly in high profile situations. Many very high traffic and
profile websites have begun to use nginx for its efficiency. At the
same time, administrators of smaller systems have found nginx ideal
for their systems for its slim memory footprint.
Before we begin installing the nginx web server, we assume that
you have followed our getting started guide. If
you're new to Linux server administration, you may be interested in our
using Linux document series including the
beginner's guide and
administration basics guide.
Contents
- Set the Hostname
- Installing nginx from EPEL Packages
-
Installing nginx from the Source Distribution
- Install Prerequisites
- Download and Compile nginx
- Monitor for Software Updates and Security Notices
- Create an Init Script to manage nginx
- More Information
Set the Hostname
Before you begin installing and configuring the components described in this guide, please make
sure you've followed our instructions for setting your hostname.
Issue the following commands to make sure it is set properly:
hostname hostname -f
The first command should show your short hostname, and the second should show your
fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
Installing nginx from EPEL Packages
The packages required to install nginx and its dependencies are
not available in the standard CentOS repositories. However, there are
packages to install nginx in the "EPEL"
system. EPEL, or "Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux", is a product
of the Fedora Project that attempts to provide enterprise-grade
software that's more current than what is typically available in the
CentOS repositories. While using this method will leave you with a
working web server, it is not the preferred method for installing
nginx. Nevertheless, if you want to install in this manner, use the
process that follows. Begin by enabling the EPEL repository with the
following command:
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
Issue the following commands to first ensure your system is up to date
and then install the nginx packages:
yum update yum install nginx
During the installation process you will need to accept the EPEL
repository's key before the installation can complete. Once finished,
start nginx with the following command:
/etc/init.d/nginx start
You can now continue with the configuration
of nginx. Installing nginx in this manner will allow you to rely on
the EPEL maintainers to provide quality control, testing, and security
teams to ensure that you're running the best possible version of the
server. However, the packages provided by the EPEL project do not
necessarily track the latest development of the nginx server and do
not allow you to enable certain nginx options at compile time. Given
the rapid development of nginx and variances between recent versions,
installing from distribution packages is not ideal for many
users. Continue to the next section to install nginx directly from
source.
Installing nginx from the Source Distribution
Install Prerequisites
Because of the rapid development of the nginx web server and recent
changes to the interface, many users of nginx compile their version of
the software from sources provided by the nginx developers. Additional
benefits include the ability to configure nginx to support additional
third party modules and options which must be set at compile time.
This document is written against the most recent release in the stable
series of the server (version 1.0.0).
Begin by ensuring that your system's package database and installed
programs are up to date by issuing the following command:
yum update
You will also need to install several dependent packages
before proceeding with the nginx installation. Issue the following
command:
yum install zlib-devel wget openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel sudo gcc make autoconf automake
At this point you can continue with the compilation and installation
of nginx.
Download and Compile nginx
The source files and binaries will be downloaded in the /opt/
directory of the file system in this example. Issue the following
sequence of commands to enter this directory, download the required
files, and extract the source files from the archive:
cd /opt/ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.0.tar.gz tar -zxvf nginx-1.0.0.tar.gz cd /opt/nginx-1.0.0/
Now we can compile the nginx server. If you want to enable
third-party modules,
append options to ./configure at this juncture. Issue the
following command to configure the build options:
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module
When the configuration process completes successfully, you will see
the following output:
nginx path prefix: "/opt/nginx" nginx binary file: "/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx configuration prefix: "/opt/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/opt/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
To build and install nginx with the above configuration, use the
following command sequence:
make make install
You will also need to create a user and group for nginx; issue the
following command:
useradd -M -r --shell /sbin/nologin --home-dir /opt/nginx nginx
Nginx is now installed in /opt/nginx.
Monitor for Software Updates and Security Notices
When running software compiled or installed directly from sources
provided by upstream developers, you are responsible for monitoring
updates, bug fixes, and security issues. After becoming aware of
releases and potential issues, update your software to resolve flaws
and prevent possible system compromise. Monitoring releases and
maintaining up to date versions of all software is crucial for the
security and integrity of a system.
Please follow the announcements, lists, and RSS feeds on the following
pages to ensure that you are aware of all updates to the software and can
upgrade appropriately or apply patches and recompile as needed:
- nginx Security Advisories
- nginx Announcements
When upstream sources offer new releases, repeat the instructions for
installing nginx, spawn-fcgi, and uWSGI, and recompile your software
when needed. These practices are crucial for the ongoing security and
functioning of your system.
Create an Init Script to manage nginx
Before we can begin to use the nginx server, we must create a means of
controlling the daemon process. You can create an "init script" using
this example to control
nginx. Issue the following commands to download the file, change the
execution mode, and set the system to initialize nginx on boot:
wget -O init-rpm.sh http://library.linode.com/assets/662-init-rpm.sh mv init-rpm.sh /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx chkconfig --add nginx chkconfig --level 2345 nginx on
You can now start, stop, and restart nginx just like any other server
daemon. For example, to start the server, issue the following command:
/etc/init.d/nginx start
Congratulations! You now have a running and fully functional HTTP
server powered by the nginx web server. Continue reading our
introduction to basic nginx configuration
for more information about using and setting up the web server.
More Information
You may wish to consult the following resources for additional
information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will
be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of
externally hosted materials.